安装 Windows WSL子系统

WSL2子系统

image.png

• 将 WSL 版本设置为 1 或 2

wsl --set-version <distribution name> <versionnumber>

• 设置默认 WSL 版本

wsl --set-default-version <version>

• 设置默认 Linux 发行版

wsl --set-default <distribution name>

• 将目录更改为主页

wsl ~

• 更新 WSL

wsl --update

• 检查 WSL 状态

wsl --status

• 检查 WSL 版本

wsl --version

安装步骤

1. 启动WSL

• 以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 工具并运行以下命令。

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

2. 启用“虚拟机平台”

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

3. 下载 Linux 内核更新包

• 适用于 x64 计算机的 WSL2 Linux 内核更新包
• 适用于 arm64 计算机的 WSL2 Linux 内核更新包

4. 设置 WSL 2 为默认值

wsl --set-default-version 2

image.png

4. 查询可以安装的 Linux 版本

wsl --list --online

image.png

5. 安装需要的版本

wsl --install -d Ubuntu-20.04

image.png

5. 查询安装的版本

wsl --list --verbose

image.png

把子系统迁移到D盘指定位置

1. 关闭wsl

wsl --shutdown

2. 导出Ubuntu-22.04LTS

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 D:\WindowsSubsystemLinux\img\Ubuntu-20.04.tar

3. 卸载当前Ubuntu-22.04LTS

wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04

4. 导入刚才导出的的Ubuntu-22.04.tar

wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 D:\WindowsSubsystemLinux\Ubuntu-20.04 D:\WindowsSubsystemLinux\img\Ubuntu-20.04.tar

image.png

5. 设置默认用户

ubuntu2004 config --default-user your-name

6. 开启或停止服务

# 停止服务
net stop LxssManager
# 启动服务
net start LxssManager

换源

1. 备份镜像源源文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 用 vi 编辑器打开源文件

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 更改镜像源

#  阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 清华源
#deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#  中科大源
#deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse

3. 更新系统源

sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade

4. 提示缺少公匙

image.png

5. 添加相应公匙后再次更新源

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade

6. 更新git

sudo apt-get install git
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git

image.png

桌面安装

• 你需要使用 Windows 10 内部版本 19044+ 或 Windows 11 才能访问此功能
• 已安装适用于 vGPU 的驱动程序

按需求安装

sudo apt install gedit -y
sudo apt install gimp -y
sudo apt install vlc -y

1. 安装 Gedit

Gedit 是 GNOME 桌面环境的默认文本编辑器。

sudo apt install gedit -y

若要在编辑器中启动 bashrc 文件，请输入：gedit ~/.bashrc

2. 安装 GIMP

GIMP 是一种免费的开源光栅图形编辑器，用于图像操作和图像编辑、自由形态绘图、不同图像文件格式之间的转码，以及更专业的任务。

sudo apt install gimp -y

若要启动，请输入：gimp

3. 安装 Nautilus

Nautilus 也称为 GNOME Files，是 GNOME 桌面的文件管理器。 （类似于 Windows 文件资源管理器）。

sudo apt install nautilus -y

若要启动，请输入：nautilus

4. 安装 VLC

VLC 是一种免费的开源跨平台多媒体播放器和框架，可播放大多数多媒体文件。

sudo apt install vlc -y

若要启动，请输入：vlc

5. 安装 X11 应用

X11 是 Linux 窗口管理系统，这是随它一起提供的各种应用和工具的集合，例如 xclock、xcalc 计算器、用于剪切和粘贴的 xclipboard、用于事件测试的 xev 等。

sudo apt install x11-apps -y

若要启动，请输入要使用的工具的名称。 例如：xcalc, xclock, xeyes

6. 安装适用于 Linux 的 Google Chrome

cd /tmp
sudo wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

7. 安装适用于 Linux 的 Microsoft Teams

cd /tmp
sudo curl -L -o "./teams.deb" "https://teams.microsoft.com/downloads/desktopurl?env=production&plat=linux&arch=x64&download=true&linuxArchiveType=deb"
sudo apt install ./teams.deb -y

8. 安装适用于 Linux 的 Microsoft Edge 浏览器